DUNES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT
2025 Annual Drinking Water Quality Report

This report shows our water quality results and explains what they mean. It also provides important information about your water and how it relates to your health. The information in this report is based primarily on 2025 data. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not require us to perform all tests every year. When necessary, some data was obtained from prior years. As directed by the agencies that regulate our industry, only values from these tests that exceeded specified criteria are included. We will notify you immediately if there is any reason for concern about our water.
The Dunes Community Development District (Dunes CDD) began providing customers with water from its reverse osmosis water treatment plant on August 15, 2007, and has continued to do so throughout 2025. Plant capacity is currently 1,440,000 gallons per day. It is expected that this capacity will meet the anticipated needs of the community at build-out. The Dunes CDD currently maintains an interconnection with the Palm Coast Utility (PWS ID# 2180863) water system for emergencies and planned maintenance activities. The interconnection with Palm Coast Utility was not used during the recent 2025 annual period. The Palm Coast Utility Drinking Water Quality Report is available on their website at www.palmcoast.gov

The Dunes CDD’s water treatment plant utilizes a reverse osmosis (RO) process to treat a brackish

groundwater supply withdrawn from three (3) Floridan Aquifer wells having a depth of 300 ft. The RO membrane process removes salts and minerals from the water. After RO treatment, the water is aerated to remove dissolved gases, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, which are present in the groundwater but are not removed in the RO process. Chlorine in the form of sodium hypochlorite (commonly known as bleach) is used for disinfection

purposes and to maintain a chlorine residual in the water distribution system. After RO treatment, aeration and disinfection, a stabilization process is utilized, adding a small amount of minerals and alkalinity to improve water quality and compatibility with the water distribution system components. In 2025 the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) conducted a Source Water Assessment on our system. The assessment was conducted to provide information about any potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of our wells. There are five potential sources of contamination identified for this system with low susceptibility levels. The assessment results are available on the DEP Source Water Assessment and Protection Program website at https://prodapps.dep.state.fl.us/swapp/.

The following information is provided on the hardness of the water:
Total Hardness:	42 ppm or 2.5 grains per gal. Calcium Hardness 40 ppm or 2.3 grains per gal.
If you have any questions about this report or concerns about your water utility, please contact the Dunes CDD office at 386-445-9045.

You may also visit the Dunes CDD website at
www.dunescdd.org or call the EPA Safe

Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791. We want our valued customers to be informed about their water utility. If you would like to learn more, please call us for information about the next opportunity for public participation in decisions about your drinking water.

HOW DO I READ THIS?

It’s easy. The table shows the results of our water-quality analyses. We are proud that your water meets or exceeds all Federal and State requirements. The column marked “Level Detected” shows the highest results from the last time tests were performed. “Likely Sources” shows where this substance usually originates. Descriptions below explain other important details. In this table you may find unfamiliar terms and abbreviations. To help you better understand these terms we have provided the following definitions:
Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.

Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG: The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/l) – one part by weight of analyte to 1 million parts by weight of the water sample.

Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter (µg/l) – one part by weight of analyte to 1 billion parts by weight of the water sample.

Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant that, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow.
Maximum residual disinfectant level or MRDL: The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that

addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.

Maximum residual disinfectant level goal or MRDLG: The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.
“N/A” means not applicable.

WHAT CAN I EXPECT TO FIND IN MY DRINKING WATER?
The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. Contaminants that may be present in source water include:

Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.
Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.
Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.
Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems.
Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.

To ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the EPA prescribes regulations, which limit the amounts of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water, which must provide the same protection for public health.

Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.

2025 ANNUAL DRINKING WATER QUALITY TEST RESULTS
Dunes CDD PWS ID # 2184259 routinely monitors for contaminants in your drinking water according to Federal and State laws, rules, and regulations. Except where indicated otherwise, this report is based on the results of our monitoring for the period of January 1 to December 31, 2025. Data obtained before January 1, 2025, and presented in this report is from the most recent testing done in accordance with the laws, rules, and regulations. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires monitoring of over 80 drinking water contaminants. Those contaminants listed in the table below are the only contaminants detected in your drinking water.

Results in the Level Detected column for inorganic contaminants are the highest average at any of the sampling points or the highest detected level at any sampling point, depending on the sampling frequency.	
Contaminant and Unit of Measurement	Dates of sampling (mo./yr.)	MCL
Violation Y/N	
Level Detected	Range of Results	
MCLG	
MCL	Likely Source of Contamination	
Inorganic Contaminants	

Sodium (ppm)	
02/2023	
N	
44	
N/A	
N/A	
160	Saltwater intrusion,
leaching from soil	

Mercury (ppb)	
02/2023	
N	
0.019	
N/A	
N/A	
2	Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from
cropland	

Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products	
For chlorine, the level detected is the highest running annual average (RAA), computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected. The range of results is the range of results of all the individual samples collected during the past year.	
Disinfectant or Contaminant and Unit of Measurement	Dates of sampling (mo./yr.)	MCL or MRDL
Violation Y/N	Level Detected	Range of Results	MCLG or MRDLG	MCL or MRDL	Likely Source of Contamination	
Chlorine (ppm)	01/2025 –
12/2025	N	1.16	0.75–
1.83	MRDLG
= 4	MRDL = 4.0	Water additive used to control microbes	

Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products	
During 2025, the system had only annual results and all these results were below the MCL.	
Disinfectant or Contaminant and Unit of Measurement	Dates of sampling (mo./yr.)	MCL or MRDL
Violation Y/N	
Level Detected	Range of Results	MCLG
or MRDLG	
MCL or MRDL	
Likely Source of Contamination	
Halo acetic Acids (five) (HAA5) (ppb)	07/2025	N	7.04	NA	NA	MCL = 60	By-product of drinking water disinfection	
TTHM [Total Trihalomethanes] (ppb)	07/2025	N	33.38	NA	NA	MCL = 80	By-product of drinking water disinfection	

Contaminant and Unit of Measurement	
Dates of sampling (mo./yr.)	
AL
Exceeded (Y/N)	
90th Percentile Result	No. of sampling sites
exceeding the AL	

MCLG	
AL
(Action Level)	

Likely Source of Contamination	
Lead and Copper (Tap Water)	
Copper (tap water) (ppm)	
07/2024	
N	
0.11	
0	
1.3	
1.3	Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives	
Lead (tap water) (ppb)	07/2024	N	0.27	0	0	15	Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits	
As authorized and approved by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the state has reduced monitoring requirements for certain contaminants to less often than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants are not expected to vary significantly from year to year. Some of our data (for example: inorganic contaminants), though representative, is more than one year old.
Dunes CDD has been monitoring for unregulated contaminants (UC) as part of a study to help the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determine the occurrence in drinking water of UC and whether or not these contaminants need to be regulated. At present, no health standards (for example, maximum contaminant levels) have been established for UC. However, we are required to publish the analytical results of our UC monitoring in our annual water quality report. If you would like more information on the EPA’s Unregulated Contaminants Monitoring Rule (UCMR), please call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.

Lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. Dunes CDD is responsible for providing high quality drinking water and removing lead pipes but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components in your home. You share the responsibility for protecting yourself and your family from the lead in your home plumbing. You can take responsibility by identifying and removing lead materials within your home plumbing and taking steps to reduce your family's risk. Before drinking tap water, flush your pipes for several minutes by running your tap, taking a shower, doing laundry or a load of dishes.
You can also use a filter certified by an American National Standards Institute accredited certifier to reduce lead in drinking water. If you are concerned about lead in your water and wish to have your water tested, contact Dunes CDD at (386) 445-9045. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.

We are required to periodically sample water from customer taps to determine lead and copper levels. EPA sets the lead action level at 15 ppb. For a water system to be in compliance, at least 90% of tap water samples must have lead levels below this limit. This report contains the 90th percentile and range of our most recent sampling. The individual results for each location sampled are available for review by contacting the Dunes CDD office at 386-445-9045.

The Dunes CDD prepared and submitted a lead service line inventory to the DEP in December 2024 and may be found on the Dunes CDD website www.dunescdd.org on the Public Records Page.

MCLs are set at very stringent levels. To understand the possible health effects described for many regulated constituents, a person would have to drink 2 liters of water every day at the MCL level for a lifetime to have a one-in-a-million chance of having the described health effect. Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/ Center for Disease Control guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE (1-800-426-4791).